Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus
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چکیده
Retroviruses can be classified according to the morphology of their virion core or according to sequence homologies that become evident after phylogenetic analyses. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a member of the deltatype retrovirus group, other members of which include HTLV types 2, 3 and 4, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), and simian T-cell leukaemia virus (STLV) types 1, 2 and 3 (Matsuoka & Jeang, 2007). STLV-1 is found in Old World monkeys and great apes. HTLV-1 and STLV-1 are thought to originate from common ancestors (Vandamme et al., 1998). Together with the STLVs, HTLVs form the primate T–cell lymphotropic viruses (PTLV) group. The PTLVs belong to the complex retrovirus family since, in addition to the structural gag, pol and env genes, their genome also contains regulatory and accessory genes. Among these retroviruses, HTLV-1 and STLV-1 induce T-cell neoplasms (Tsujimoto et al., 1987; Gallo, 2002), BLV causes a B-cell neoplastic disease in cattle and in sheep, and HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 have not been clearly associated with any haematological disease (Mahieux & Gessain, 2009). A recent report demonstrated that HTLV-2 infection is linked with higher lymphocyte and platelet counts, although it has not been yet associated with oncogenesis (Bartman et al., 2008).
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